While THC and CBD dominate the conversation around cannabis-based medicines, a growing body of research is focusing on terpenes — the aromatic compounds that give cannabis strains their distinctive smells and flavours. And the early evidence suggests they may have significant therapeutic potential in their own right.
What are terpenes?
Terpenes are volatile organic compounds produced by many plants, including cannabis. They're responsible for the distinctive aromas of different cannabis strains — from the lemony scent of limonene to the piney notes of pinene. But research suggests their effects go beyond aroma.
Therapeutic potential
Different terpenes appear to have different therapeutic properties. Myrcene, found in high concentrations in many indica strains, has shown sedative and anti-inflammatory effects. Limonene has demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant properties in preclinical studies. Beta-caryophyllene, unique among terpenes for its ability to interact with CB2 receptors, shows promise as an anti-inflammatory agent.
The entourage effect
One of the most intriguing areas of terpene research is the entourage effect — the theory that cannabinoids and terpenes work synergistically to produce therapeutic effects that are greater than the sum of their parts. While the evidence base is still developing, it's an area of active investigation with significant potential.
